JAVA-Errors - Notes By ShariqSP

Understanding Errors in Java

In Java programming, errors are deviations from correct code that prevent the program from executing as intended. Understanding different types of errors, why they occur, and how to identify and correct them is essential for writing robust and functional Java applications.

Types of Errors:

There are primarily three types of errors in Java:

Syntax Errors: Syntax errors occur when the code violates the rules of the programming language. These errors are detected by the compiler during the compilation process. For example:
```
public class Example {
                public static void main(String[] args) {
                    int x = 5
                    System.out.println(x);
                }
            }
```
In this example, the missing semicolon at the end of the line int x = 5 results in a syntax error.
Runtime Errors: Runtime errors, also known as exceptions, occur during the execution of the program. These errors are not detected by the compiler but are identified when the program is running. Common runtime errors include NullPointerException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, and ArithmeticException.
```
public class Example {
                public static void main(String[] args) {
                    int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3};
                    System.out.println(numbers[3]); // ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
                }
            }
```
Logic Errors: Logic errors occur when the code executes but produces incorrect results due to flawed logic. These errors can be challenging to identify as the program runs without throwing exceptions. Debugging tools and techniques such as code reviews and testing are often used to identify and correct logic errors.
```
public class Example {
                public static void main(String[] args) {
                    int x = 5;
                    int y = 3;
                    int sum = x - y; // Logic Error: should be x + y
                    System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
                }
            }
```

Correcting Errors:

Correcting errors in Java involves carefully reviewing the code, identifying the source of the error, and making necessary adjustments. Tools such as Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), debuggers, and compiler error messages can aid in identifying and correcting errors efficiently.

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