OOPs Introduction- Notes by Shariq SP

Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects," which can contain data and code to manipulate that data. It allows for a more organized and modular approach to software development by representing real-world entities as objects.

Key principles of OOP include:

• Encapsulation: Encapsulation refers to the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit, called a class. This helps in data hiding and abstraction, preventing direct access to the data from outside the class and allowing controlled access via methods.
• Inheritance: Inheritance is a mechanism by which a class can inherit properties and behaviors from another class, called the superclass or base class. This promotes code reusability and enables the creation of hierarchical relationships between classes.
• Polymorphism: Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their superclass, enabling them to be used interchangeably. This is achieved through method overriding and method overloading, where methods can behave differently depending on the type of object.
• Abstraction: Abstraction involves hiding the implementation details of a class and exposing only the necessary features to the outside world. This simplifies complex systems by focusing on high-level concepts and ignoring irrelevant details.

Java, being an object-oriented programming language, fully supports these principles of OOP. It provides features such as classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction to facilitate the implementation of OOP concepts in software development.

By following OOP principles, developers can create modular, maintainable, and scalable software systems that are easier to understand, extend, and maintain.